A ball valve is a type of valve that controls the flow of liquids or gases by rotating a spherical ball with a hole in the center. When the hole is aligned with the pipeline, the flow is open. When rotated 90 degrees, the flow is completely shut off. This makes ball valves easy to operate for quick on/off flow regulation.

There are different types of ball valves, with the most common being 2-way and 3-way ball valves. A 2-way ball valve functions as a simple shut-off valve, allowing or stopping flow in a single direction. A 3-way ball valve, on the other hand, can redirect flow in multiple directions, making it useful for applications where fluid or gas needs to be diverted or mixed.

Ball valves are commonly made from materials such as brass, stainless steel, and PVC. Brass is widely used due to its corrosion resistance and durability, while stainless steel is preferred for high-pressure and high-temperature applications. PVC ball valves are lightweight and resistant to chemical corrosion, making them ideal for environments where metal valves might degrade. The choice of material depends on the type of medium being handled, as well as the pressure and temperature conditions in the system.

A ball valve may need replacement or maintenance if there are signs of leakage around the valve, difficulty in turning the handle, or a noticeable reduction in flow control. Regular inspection and servicing can help identify issues early and ensure the valve continues to function properly, preventing operational disruptions and extending its lifespan.